THE IMPACT OF TRANSFORMATIONAL LEADERSHIP ON JOB SATISFACTION AND INNOVATIVE WORK BEHAVIOUR: A LITERATURE REVIEW
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.55955/430009Keywords:
Transformational leadership, Job satisfaction, Innovative work behaviour, psychological empowerment, Systematic reviewAbstract
This analysis examines the relationship between transformational leadership and two important organizational outcomes: job satisfaction among employees and innovative work behavior. Although prior research has consistently demonstrated the beneficial effects of transformational leadership in motivating employees, enhancing job satisfaction, and fostering creativity, the literature remains fragmented and often descriptive rather than integrative. To address this gap, a systematic search and narrative synthesis of 105 studies across major databases was conducted. Though results differ depending on national context, industry, and organizational culture, the analysis shows that transformational leadership is often correlated to more innovative behaviors and increased job satisfaction. Notably, several studies highlight mediating mechanisms (e.g., psychological empowerment) and moderating conditions (e.g., autonomy, learning climate) that influence these relationships. This review contributes by critically consolidating the evidence, identifying inconsistencies, and highlighting research gaps. The findings underscore the importance of conducting cross-cultural and longitudinal research and provide leaders with practical guidance for promoting organizational innovation and enhancing employee well-being.
References
Abramson, L. Y.,Seligman, M. E. P. ve Teasdale, J. D. (1978). Learned helplessness in humans: Critique and reformulation. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 87, pp.-49-74. Retrieved from https://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/document?repid=rep1&type=pdf&doi=ef52775276f83a46162a9b364335d9ee5ee73b99 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1037/0021-843X.87.1.49
Afsar, B., & Umrani, W. A. (2020). Transformational leadership and innovative work behavior: The role of motivation to learn, task complexity and innovation climate. European Journal of Innovation Management, 23, 402–428. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/EJIM-12-2018-0257
Afsar, B., F. Badir, Y., & Bin Saeed, B. (2014). Transformational leadership and innovative work behavior. Industrial Management & Data Systems, 114(8), 1270–1300. https:// doi.org/10.1108/IMDS-05-2014-0152. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/IMDS-05-2014-0152
Alhosani, A. A., & Ahmad, S. Z. (2024). Charting creativity in government: The relationship between transformational leadership, psychological empowerment and employee creative performance. Transforming Government People Process and Policy, 18(1), 33–48. https://doi.org/10.1108/TG-10- 2023-0160 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/TG-10-2023-0160
Allen, NJ, & Meyer, JP (1990). The measurement and antecedents of affective, continuance and normative commitment to the organization. Journal of occupational psychology, 63 (1), pp.-1-18. Retrieved from https://scholar.google.com/scholar?hl=en&as_sdt=0%2C5&q=The+measurement+and+antecedents+of+affective%2C+continuance+and+normative+commitment+to+the+organization&btnG= DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.2044-8325.1990.tb00506.x
Alotaibi, E.A., Yusoff, R.Z., Al-Swidi, A.K., Al-Matari, E.M., & Asharqi, O.Z. (2015). The mediating of organizational climate on the relationship between transformational leadership and patient safety: A study on Saudi Hospitals. Mediterranean Journal of Social Science, 6(2), pp.-117-126. Retrieved from https://www.academia.edu/70571621/The_Mediating_Effect_of_Organizational_Climate_on_the_Relationship_between_Transformational_Leadership_and_Patient_Safety_A_Study_on_Saudi_Hospitals DOI: https://doi.org/10.5901/mjss.2015.v6n2s1p117
Amabile, T. M. (1988). A model of creativity and innovation in organisations. Research in organisational behaviour, 10(1), pp.-123-167. Retrieved from https://web.mit.edu/curhan/www/docs/Articles/15341_Readings/Group_Performance/Amabile_A_Model_of_CreativityOrg.Beh_v10_pp123-167.pdf
Amankwaa, A., Susomrith, P., & Seet, P. S. (2021). Innovative behavior among service workers and the importance of leadership: Evidence from an emerging economy. Journal of Technology Transfer, 47, 506–530 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10961-021-09853-6
ARSLAN, Filiz. (2022). The Mediating Role of Psychological Empowerment on the Relationship between Innovative Work Behavior and Transformational Leadership: A Research for Food and Beverage Employees of 5 Star Hotel Workes in Antalya. Journal of Global Tourism and Technology Research. 3(1). 10.54493/jgttr.1064470. Retrieved from https://dergipark.org.tr/en/download/article-file/2218401 DOI: https://doi.org/10.54493/jgttr.1064470
Aryee, Samuel & Chen, Zhen. (2006). Leader-Member Exchange in a Chinese Context: Antecedents, the Mediating Role of Psychological Empowerment and Outcomes. Journal of Business Research. 59(7). Pp.-793-801. 10.1016/j.jbusres.2005.03.003. Retrieved from https://isiarticles.com/bundles/Article/pre/pdf/5385.pdf DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2005.03.003
Ashfaq, Fouzia & Abid, Ghulam & Ilyas, Sehrish & Hasnain, Anwer. (2020). How transformational leadership influences innovative behaviour: The mediating role of psychological empowerment and proactivity of employees. Independent Journal of Management & Production. 12(1). Pp.-241-264. 10.14807/ijmp.v12i1.1162. Retrieved from http://www.paulorodrigues.pro.br/ojs/ijmp/index.php/ijmp/article/view/1162/1715 DOI: https://doi.org/10.14807/ijmp.v12i1.1162
Ashforth, B. E. (1989). Social identity theory and the organization. Academy of Management Review, 14, pp.-20-39. Retrieved from https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/30269476/social_identity_theory_and_the_organization-libre.pdf?1390882462=&response-content-disposition=inline%3B+filename%3DSocial_identity_theory_and_the_organizat.pdf&Expires=1696098281&Signature=RMa1BOuWHSZEM9LVUfemK3DVUQ8fBKtYSMllCzujCBk3JdhQyW8cbXfg9wjPpDgjmcX6LtfhZqZJI2WG1nfk0hxHgQaE2miEywBFBUhafuYM3lnXWoRWgilEmSRQizSKWTGY01khdI6ou6GI5~IqPqJjLktqAJbHU7q11XYif1DuEwuJffw7~8NmpaReIxmYhTg3z-cRuNrHNtsb3dHUJejkuQW~TDze3foFt~3fkAlX2mpug6NHkhd8K8aTvIm83Wl0jaMeuZY83-Uxg6mnY40xlY74n3OjJbwxDJuaTqsg8InNG48jY19uHQJdvelJtBd5DgUbjGV6fjbX1-5JMQ__&Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA
Avey, J. B., Hughes, L. W., Norman, S. M., & Luthans, K. W. (2008). Using positivity, transformational leadership and empowerment to combat employee negativity. Leadership and Organizational Development Journal, 29(2), pp.-110-126. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/01437730810852470 Retrieved from https://www.researchgate.net/publication/228344196_Using_positivity_transformational_leadership_and_empowerment_to_combat_employee_negativity DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/01437730810852470
Avolio, B. J., Bass, B. M., & Jung, D. I. (1999). Re‐examining the components of transformational and transactional leadership using the Multifactor Leadership. Journal of occupational and organizational psychology, 72(4), pp.-441-462. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1348/096317999166789
Avolio, B., Zhu, W., Koh, W., & Bhatia, P. (2004). Transformational leadership and organizational commitment: mediating role of psychological empowerment and moderating role of structural distance. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 25, pp.-951-968. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/job.283. Retrieved from https://download.clib.psu.ac.th/datawebclib/e_resource/trial_database/WileyInterScienceCD/pdf/JOB/JOB_3.pdf DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/job.283
Aydogmus, C., Camgoz, S.M., Ergeneli, A., Ekmekci, O. T., (2018). Perceptions of transformational leadership and job satisfaction: The roles of personality traits and psychological empowerment. Journal of Management & Organization, Vol. 24(1), pp.81- 107. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/jmo.2016.59
Bandura, A. (1977). Self-efficacy: Toward a unifying theory of behavioural change. Psychological Review, 84(2), pp.-191-215. Retrieved from https://educational-innovation.sydney.edu.au/news/pdfs/Bandura%201977.pdf DOI: https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-295X.84.2.191
Barroso Castro, C., Villegas Perinan, M. M., & Casillas Bueno, J. C. (2008). Transformational leadership and followers' attitudes: The mediating role of psychological empowerment. The International Journal of Human Resource Management, 19(10), 1842-1863. https://doi.org/10.1080/09585190802324601. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/09585190802324601
Bass, B. M. (1985). Leadership and performance beyond expectations. Collier Macmillan.
Bass, B. M. (1985). Leadership: Good, better, best. Organizational dynamics, 13(3), 26-40. https://doi.org/10.1016/0090-2616(85)90028-2 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/0090-2616(85)90028-2
Bass, B. M. (1999). Two decades of research and development in transformational leadership. European Journal of Work and Organizational Psychology, 8(1), pp.-9–32
Doi : https://doi.org/10.1080/135943299398410 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/135943299398410
Bass, B. M., & Avolio, B. (1993). Transformational Leadership and Organizational Culture, Public Administration Quarterly, 17(1), pp.-112-121.
Bass, B. M., & Avolio, B. J. (1994). Improving organizational effectiveness through transformational leadership. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
Bass, B. M., & Avolio, B. J. (1994). Transformational leadership and organizational culture. International Journal of Public Administration, 17, 541–554. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/01900699408524907
Bass, B. M., Avolio, B. J., Jung, D. I., & Berson, Y. (2003). Predicting unit performance by assessing transformational and transactional leadership. Journal of Applied Psychology, 88, 207–218. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1037/0021-9010.88.2.207
Bernarto, I., Bachtiar, D., Sudibjo, N., Suryawan, I. N., Purwanto, A., & Asbari, M. (2020). Effect of transformational leadership, perceived organizational support, job satisfaction toward life satisfaction: Evidences from indonesian teachers. International Journal of Advanced Science and Technology, 29(3), 5495–5503. http://sersc.org/journals/index.php/IJAST/article/view/6057.
Bogler R. The influence of leadership style on teacher job satisfaction. Educ Adm Q. 2001;37(5),pp.-662–683.Retrieved from https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Zehava-Rosenblatt/publication/44827409_Teachers'_Multiple_Roles_and_Skill_Flexibility_Effects_on_Work_Attitudes/links/5513d6220cf2eda0df302e31/Teachers-Multiple-Roles-and-Skill-Flexibility-Effects-on-Work-Attitudes.pdf#page=63
Bono, Joyce & Judge, Timothy. (2003). Self-Concordance at Work: Toward Understanding the Motivational Effects of Transformational Leaders. Academy of Management Journal. 46(5), pp.-554-571. 10.2307/30040649. Retrieved from http://m.timothy-judge.com/Bono%20%26%20Judge%20AMJ%202003.pdf DOI: https://doi.org/10.2307/30040649
Boonyarit, I., Chomphupart, S., & Arin, N. (2010). Leadership, empowerment, and attitude outcomes. The Journal of Behavioral Science, 5(1), pp.-1-14. Retrieved from https://scholar.google.com/scholar?hl=en&as_sdt=0%2C5&q=Leadership%2C+empowerment%2C+and+attitude+outcomes&btnG=
Braun, S., Peus, C., Weisweiler, S., & Frey, D. (2013). Transformational leadership, job satisfaction, and team performance: A multilevel mediation model of trust. The leadership quarterly, 24(1), 270-283. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.leaqua.2012.11.006 Retrieved from https://www.takmaghale.com/uploads/product/gyaxzw_150037699540561.pdf DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.leaqua.2012.11.006
Chang, S. Y., Wang, S. Z., & Lee, H. F. (2025). The cultural difference between empowerment and job satisfaction among nurses: An umbrella review. Applied Nursing Research, 151912. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apnr.2025.151912
Cheng, Cindy & Bartram, Timothy & Karimi, Leila & Leggat, Sandra. (2016). Transformational leadership and social identity as predictors of team climate, perceived quality of care, burnout and turnover intention among nurses. Personnel Review. 45(6). pp.-1200-1216. 10.1108/PR-05-2015-0118. Retrieved from https://www.researchgate.net/publication/307513376_Transformational_leadership_and_social_identity_as_predictors_of_team_climate_perceived_quality_of_care_burnout_and_turnover_intention_among_nurses DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/PR-05-2015-0118
Choi, S. L., Goh, C. F., Adam, M. B. H., & Tan, O. K. (2016). Transformational leadership, empowerment, and job satisfaction: The mediating role of employee empowerment. Human Resources for Health, 14(1), 1–14. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12960-016-0171-2.
Conger, J. A., & Kanungo, R. N. (1988). The empowerment process: Integrating theory and practice. Academy of Management review, 13(3), pp.-471-482. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2307/258093
Daft, R.L. (2001), The Leadership Experience, Harcourt College Publishers, Fort Worth, TX.
De Jong, J. P. J., & Den Hartog, D. N. (2008). Innovative work behavior: Measurement and validation. Zoetermeer, Netherlands: SCientific AnaLysis of Entrepreneurship and SMEs (SCALES). Retrieved from https://ondernemerschap.panteia.nl/pdf-ez/h200820.pdf
Deci, E. L. ve Ryan, R. M. (1985). Intrinsic motivation and self-determination in human behavior. New York. Plenum. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4899-2271-7
Demesko, N. (2017). Effects of Transformational and Transactional Leadership Styles on Innovative Work Behavior: The Role of Employee’s Locus of Control [Master Thesis, ISM University of Management and Economics]. ISM University of Management and Economics Repository. Retrieved from https://vb.ism.lt/object/elaba:20108163/
Hartog, D. N., & Belschak, F. D. (2012). When does transformational leadership enhance employee proactive behavior? The role of autonomy and role breadth self-efficacy. Journal of applied psychology, 97(1), 194. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1037/a0024903
Draj, Farooq & Al Saed, Rashad. (2023). Mediating role of employee empowerment for transformational leadership and job satisfaction. Problems and Perspectives in Management. 21(2). 59-68. Doi:10.21511/ppm.21(1).2023.06 DOI: https://doi.org/10.21511/ppm.21(1).2023.06
Dust, S. B., Resick, C. J., & Mawritz, M. B. (2014). Transformational leadership, psychological empowerment, and the moderating role of mechanistic–organic contexts. Journal of Organizational Behaviour, 35(3), pp.-413-433. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/job.1904
Emami, F., Omidian, N. B., Fazel Hashemi S. M. & Mitra Pajoumnia (2013). Teacher’s Job Attitudes: Comparison and Relationship between Organizational Commitment and Job Involvement among Physical Education Teachers of Iran. Australian Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences, 7(1), pp.-7-11. Retrieved from https://www.academia.edu/102160685/Teachers_Job_Attitudes_Comparison_and_Relationship_between_Organizational_Commitment_and_Job_Involvement_among_Physical_Education_Teachers_of_Iran
Garcia-Morales, V.J., Matias-Reche, F. and Hurtado-Torres, N. (2008), “Influence of transformational leadership on organizational innovation and performance depending on the level of organizational learning in the pharmaceutical sector”, Journal of Organizational Change Management, 21(2), pp. 188-212. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/09534810810856435
Garg, V., Attree, A. K., & Kumar, V. (2023). The mediating role of psychological empowerment on the transformational leadership-Innovative work behaviour relationship: A study of Indian banking sector. South Asian Journal of Human Resources Management, 10(1), 130–151. https://doi.org/10. 1177/23220937221084436 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/23220937221084436
Gilson, L. L., & Shalley, C. E. (2004). A little creativity goes a long way: An examination of teams’ engagement in creative processes. Journal of management, 30(4), pp.-453-470. Retrieved from https://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/document?repid=rep1&type=pdf&doi=64910c1133562579842742fd18ea8dcfa49ce462 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jm.2003.07.001
Gong, Y., Huang, J. C., & Farh, J. L. (2009). Employee learning orientation, transformational leadership, and employee creativity: The mediating role of employee creative self-efficacy. Academy of Management Journal, 52, 765–778 DOI: https://doi.org/10.5465/amj.2009.43670890
Hackman, J. R. ve Oldham, G. R. (1976). Motivation through the design of work: Test of a theory. Organizational Behavior and Human Performance, 16, pp.250-279. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/0030-5073(76)90016-7
Hechanova, Gina & Alampay, Ramon Benedicto & Franco, Edna. (2006). Psychological empowerment, job satisfaction and performance among Filipino service workers. Asian Journal of Social Psychology. 9(1).pp.-72-78. 10.1111/j.1467-839X.2006.00177.x. Retrieved from https://www.academia.edu/8137292/Psychological_empowerment_job_satisfaction_and_performance_among_Filipino_service_workers DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-839X.2006.00177.x
Hermosilla, D., Amutio, A., Da Costa, S., & Páez, D. (2016).El Liderazgo transformacional en las organizaciones:Variables mediadoras y consecuencias a largo plazo.Revista de Psicología Del Trabajo y de LasOrganizaciones, 32(3), 135–143. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rpto.2016.06.003. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rpto.2016.06.003
Hunt, J. G. J., Stelluto, G. E., & Hooijberg, R. (2004). Toward new-wave organization creativity: Beyond romance and analogy in the relationship between orchestra-conductor leadership and musician creativity. Leadership Quarterly, 15, 145–162. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.leaqua.2003.12.009
Ibrahim, A. M. (2020). Psychological empowerment and organizational commitment among employees in the lodging industry. Journal of Human Resources in Hospitality & Tourism, 19(3), pp.277-295. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/15332845.2020.1737766
Ibrahim, Dr & Ismail, Azman & Mohamed, Nurasilah & Salim, Siti & Yusuf, Munirah. (2015). Effect of Psychological Empowerment and Transformational Leadership on Organizational Commitment. Makara Human Behavior Studies in Asia. 19(2). Pp. 75-86. 10.7454/mssh.v19i2.3476. Retrieved from https://www.academia.edu/24147259/Effect_of_Psychological_Empowerment_and_Transformational_Leadership_on_Organizational_Commitment DOI: https://doi.org/10.7454/mssh.v19i2.3476
Ismail, A., Mohamed, H. A. B., Sulaiman, A. Z., Mohamad, M. H., & Yusuf, M. H. (2011). An empirical study of the relationship between transformational leadership, empowerment and organizational commitment. Business and Economics Research Journal, 2(1), pp.-89-107. Retrieved from https://www.berjournal.com/wp-content/plugins/downloads-manager/upload/BERJ%202(1)11%20article5%20pp.89-107.pdf
Joo, B.-K., & Nam, K. (2019). The effects of transformational leadership, learning goal orientation, and psychological empowerment on career satisfaction. New Horizons in Adult Education and Human Resource Development, 31(3),pp.- 47–64. Doi: https://doi. org/10.1002/nha3.20247. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/nha3.20247
Judge, T. A., & Piccolo, R. F. (2004). Transformational and transactional leadership: a meta-analytic test of their relative validity. Journal of Applied Psychology, 89(5), 755. https://doi.org/10.1037/0021-9010.89.5.755 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1037/0021-9010.89.5.755
Jung, D.I. and Sosik, J.J. (2002), “Transformational leadership in work groups the role of empowerment, cohesiveness, and collective-efficacy on perceived group performance”, Small Group Research, 33(3), pp.-313-336. Retrieved from https://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/document?repid=rep1&type=pdf&doi=a29ba94b4602df33a441ffb4a169c15650d93481 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/10496402033003002
Jung, D.I., Chow, C. and Wu, A. (2003), “The role of transformational leadership in enhancing organizational innovation: hypotheses and some preliminary findings”, The Leadership Quarterly, 14(4), pp. 525-544. Retrieved from https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Chee-Chow/publication/222016698_The_Role_of_Transformational_Leadership_in_Enhancing_Organizational_Innovation_Hypotheses_and_Some_Preliminary_Findings/links/5a81b75245851504fb354301/The-Role-of-Transformational-Leadership-in-Enhancing-Organizational-Innovation-Hypotheses-and-Some-Preliminary-Findings.pdf DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S1048-9843(03)00050-X
Kanter, R.M. 1983. The change masters. New York: Simon & Schuster.
Karakoc, N. & Yilmaz, A.K. (2009). Employee empowerment and differentiation in companies: A literature review and research agenda. Enterprise Risk Management, 1(2), pp.-1–12. DOI: https://doi.org/10.5296/erm.v1i2.115
Kark, R., Shamir, B., & Chen, G. (2003). The two faces of transformational leadership: empowerment and dependency. Journal of Applied Psychology, 88(2), pp.-246-255. Retrieved from https://www.academia.edu/1133006/The_Two_Faces_of_Transformational_Leadership_Empowerment_and_Dependency DOI: https://doi.org/10.1037/0021-9010.88.2.246
Khalili, A. (2016). Linking transformational leadership, creativity, innovation, and innovation-supportive climate. Management Decision, 54, 2277–2293. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/MD-03-2016-0196
Khan, Essa & Khan, Muhammad & Ahmed, Syed Saad. (2021). Transformational Leadership, Emotional Intelligence, and Innovative work behavior: The role of psychological empowerment. 11(2). Pp.-63-76. Retrieved from https://www.researchgate.net/publication/353122646_Transformational_Leadership_Emotional_Intelligence_and_Innovative_work_behavior_The_role_of_psychological_empowerment
Kheir-Faddul, N., & Dănăiaţă, D. (2019). The Influence of Leadership Style on Teachers’ Job Motivation and Satisfaction in the Druze Sector of Israel. Timisoara Journal of Economics and Business, 12(1), 17–42. https://doi.org/10.2478/tjeb-2019-0002. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/tjeb-2019-0002
Le, P. B. (2020). How transformational leadership facilitates radical and incremental innovation: The mediating role of individual psychological capital. Asia-Pacific Journal of Business Administration, 12, 205–222. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/APJBA-04-2020-0129
Liden, Robert & Wayne, Sandy & Sparrowe, Raymond. (2000). An Examination of the Mediating Role of Psychological Empowerment on the Relations Between the Job, Interpersonal Relationships, and Work Outcomes. The Journal of applied psychology. 85(3). Pp.-407-416. 10.1037/0021-9010.85.3.407. Retrieved from https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Robert-Liden/publication/299095750_An_examination_of_the_mediating_role_of_psychological_empowerment_on_the_relations_between_the_job_interpersonal_relationships_and_work_outcomes/links/571a412808aee3ddc568f239/An-examination-of-the-mediating-role-of-psychological-empowerment-on-the-relations-between-the-job-interpersonal-relationships-and-work-outcomes.pdf DOI: https://doi.org/10.1037/0021-9010.85.3.407
Lin, X. S., Qian, J., Li, M., & Chen, Z. X. (2018). How does growth need strength influence employee outcomes? The roles of hope, leadership, and cultural value. International Journal of Human Resource Management, 29(17), 2524–2551. https://doi.org/10.1080/09585192.2016.1255901. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/09585192.2016.1255901
Loshali, S., & Krishnan, V.R. (2013). Strategic human resource management and firm performance: mediating role of transformational leadership. Journal of Strategic Human Resource Management, 2(1), pp.-9-19. Retrieved from https://rkvenkat.org/surabhi.pdf
Lowe, K. B., Kroeck, K. G., & Sivasubramanian, N. (1996). Effectiveness correlates of transformational and transactional leadership: a meta-analytic review of the MLQ literature. The Leadership Quarterly, 7(3), pp.-385-425. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S1048-9843(96)90027-2 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S1048-9843(96)90027-2
Luthans, Fred. (2006), Organizational Behavior. Ten Edition, PT. Andi. Yogyakarta.
Malik, Imran & Farooqi, Yasir. (2013). Investigating the Effect of Transformational Leadership as a Moderator, between Employees' Psychological Empowerment and Employees' Job Satisfaction Relationship. International journal of multidisciplinary sciences and engineering.4(7),pp.-37-42. Retrieved from https://www.researchgate.net/publication/324647803_Investigating_the_Effect_of_Transformational_Leadership_as_a_Moderator_between_Employees'_Psychological_Empowerment_and_Employees'_Job_Satisfaction_Relationship
Manaf, A.H.A,. & Latif, L.A. (2014). Transformational leadership and job performance of SMEs Technical Personnel: The adaptability cultural approach as mediator. Mediterranean Journal of Social Science, 5(20), pp.-648-655. Retrieved from https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/0db0/3aa5bb4ceefa0aacdf340573378f4cfbbd58.pdf
Minh-Duc, L., & Huu-Lam, N. (2019). Transformational leadership, customer citizenship behavior, employee intrinsic motivation, and employee creativity. Journal of Asian Business and Economic Studies, 26(2), 286–300. https://doi.org/ 10.1108/JABES-10-2018-0070. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/JABES-10-2018-0070
Mohammad, S.I.S., H.A. Al-Zeaud and E.A.M. Batayneh. (2011). The Relationship between Transformational Leadership and Employee’s Satisfaction at Jordanian Private Hospitals, Business and Economic Horizon (BEH), 5(2), 35-46. DOI: https://doi.org/10.15208/beh.2011.13
Muchiri, M. K., McMurray, A. J., Nkhoma, M., & Pham, H. C. (2020). Mapping Antecedents of Innovative Work Behavior: A Conceptual Review, The Journal of Developing Areas, 54(4), pp.-33-40. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1353/jda.2020.0047
Nemanich, Louise & Keller, Robert. (2007). Transformational leadership in an acquisition: A field study of employees. The Leadership Quarterly. 18(1). Pp.-49-68. 10.1016/j.leaqua.2006.11.003. Retrieved from https://isiarticles.com/bundles/Article/pre/pdf/19469.pdf DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.leaqua.2006.11.003
Northouse, Peter G. (2001). Leadership Theory and Practice, 4th edition. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications, Inc.
Ozaralli, N. (2002). Effects of transformational leadership on empowerment and team effectiveness. Leadership and Organization Development Journal, 24(6), pp.-335- 344. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/01437730310494301 Retrieved from https://www.academia.edu/91225532/Effects_of_transformational_leadership_on_empowerment_and_team_effectiveness DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/01437730310494301
Pelit, Elbeyi & Öztürk, Yüksel & Arslanturk, Yalcin. (2011). The effects of employee empowerment on employee job satisfaction : A study on hotels in Turkey. International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management - INT J CONTEMP HOSP MANAG. 23(6). Pp.-784-802. 10.1108/09596111111153475. Retrieved from https://www.researchgate.net/publication/254188773_The_effects_of_employee_empowerment_on_employee_job_satisfaction_A_study_on_hotels_in_Turkey DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/09596111111153475
Pieterse, A. N., Van Knippenberg, D., Schippers, M., & Stam, D. (2010). Transformational and transactional leadership and innovative behaviour: The moderating role of psychological empowerment. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 31(4), pp.-609–623. https://doi.org/10.1002/job.650 Retrieved from https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/job.650 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/job.650
Podsakoff, P. M., MacKenzie, S. B., & Bommer, W. H. (1996). Transformational leader behaviors and substitutes for leadership as determinants of employee satisfaction, commitment, trust, and organizational citizenship behaviors. Journal of management, 22(2), 259-298. https://doi.org/10.1177/014920639602200204. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/014920639602200204
Podsakoff, P. M., MacKenzie, S. B., Moorman, R. H., & Fetter, R. (1990). Transformational leader behaviors and their effects on followers’ trust in leader, satisfaction, and organizational citizenship behaviors. Leadership Quarterly, 1, 107–142. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/1048-9843(90)90009-7
Prabowo, R., Mustika, M. D., & Sjabadhyni, B. (2018). How a Leader Transforms Employees’ Psychological Empowerment Into Innovative Work Behavior. Psychological Research on Urban Society, 1(2), pp.-90-99. https://doi.org/10.7454/proust.v1i2.32. Retrieved from https://files.core.ac.uk/pdf/645/201282193.pdf DOI: https://doi.org/10.7454/proust.v1i2.32
Prameswari, M., Asbari, M., Purwanto, A., Ong, F., Kusumaningsih, S. W., Mustikasiwi, A., Chidir, G., Winanti, & Sopa, A. (2020). The impacts of leadership and organizational culture on performance in indonesian public health: The mediating effects of innovative work behavior. International Journal of Control and Automation, 13(2), 216–227. http://sersc.org/journals/index.php/IJCA/article/view/7630.
Purwanto, A., Bernarto, I., Asbari, M., Wijayanti, L. M., Choi, &, & Hyun, C. (2020b). The Impacts of Leadership and Culture on Work Performance in Service Company and Innovative Work Behavior As Mediating Effects. Journal of Reseacrh in Business, Economics, and Education, 2(1), 283–291. http://e-journal.stie-kusumanegara.ac.id
Qu, R., Janssen, O., & Shi, K. (2015). Transformational leadership and follower creativity: The mediating role of follower relational identification and the moderating role of leader creativity expectations. Leadership Quarterly, 26, 286–299. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.leaqua.2014.12.004
Retrieved from https://pengalamanpangayoman.files.wordpress.com/2018/10/leadership-experience-2008.pdf
Rousseau, D. M., Manning, J., & Denyer, D. (2008). Evidence in Management and Organizational Science: Assembling the Field's Full Weight of Scientific Knowledge Through Syntheses. SSRN eLibrary.2(1). doi:10.2139/ssrn.1309606 Retrieved from http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=1309606 DOI: https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.1309606
Sang Long, Choi & Goh, Chin Fei & Adam, Muhammad & Tan, Kowang. (2016). Transformational leadership, empowerment, and job satisfaction: The mediating role of employee empowerment. Human Resources for Health. 14(1). 73. 10.1186/s12960-016-0171-2. Retrieved from https://human-resources-health.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12960-016-0171-2 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s12960-016-0171-2
Shamir, B., House, R. J., & Arthur, M. B. (1993). The motivational effects of charismatic leadership: a selfconcept theory. Organizational Science, 4(4), pp.-577–594. 10.1108/S1479-357120180000009009. Retrieved from https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Michael-Arthur-8/publication/247932400_The_Motivational_Effects_of_Charismatic_Leadership_A_Self-Concept_Based_Theory/links/547b4fc30cf205d16881c458/The-Motivational-Effects-of-Charismatic-Leadership-A-Self-Concept-Based-Theory.pdf DOI: https://doi.org/10.1287/orsc.4.4.577
Shamir, Boas & Zakay, Eliav & Brainin, Esther & Popper, Micha. (1998). Correlates of charismatic leader behavior in military units: Subordinates' attitudes, unit characteristics, and superiors' appraisals of leader performance. Academy of Management Journal. 41(4). Pp.-387-409. 10.2307/257080. Retrieved from https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Esther-Brainin/publication/325000536_Correlates_of_Charismatic_Leader_Behavior_in_Military_Units_Subordinates%27_Attitudes_Unit_Characteristics_And_Superiors%27_Appraisals_of_Leader_Performance/links/5f5ac5aca6fdcc11640931f5/Correlates-of-Charismatic-Leader-Behavior-in-Military-Units-Subordinates-Attitudes-Unit-Characteristics-And-Superiors-Appraisals-of-Leader-Performance.pdf DOI: https://doi.org/10.2307/257080
Shonubi, O.K. (2014). Effective leadership conducive to generation of academic performance in schools. Mediterranean Journal of Social Science, 5(20), pp.-1868-1876. Retrieved from https://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/document?repid=rep1&type=pdf&doi=f7d100844b4a571354f1222ba0e57bdf35581481.
Shurbagi, A.A.M. and I. Zahari, 2012. The Relationship between Transformational Leadership, Job Satisfaction and the Effect of Organizational Culture in National Oil Corporation of Libya, International Conference on Management, Applied and Social Sciences.
Siregar, Z. M. E., Suryana, Ahman, E., & Senen, S. H. (2019). Factors Influencing Innovative Work Behavior: An Individual Factors Perspective. International Journal of Scientific and Technology Research, 8(9), pp.-324-327. Retrieved from https://www.ijstr.org/final-print/sep2019/Factors-Influencing-Innovative-Work-Behavior-An-Individual-Factors-Perspective-.pdf
Sosik, J. J. (1997). Effects of transformational leadership and anonymity on idea generation in computer-mediated groups. Group & Organization Management, 22(4), 460–487. https:// doi.org/10.1177/1059601197224004. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/1059601197224004
Spreitzer, G. M. (1995). Psychological empowerment in the workplace: Dimensions, measurement, and validation. Academy of Management Journal, 38(5), pp.-1442-1465. Retrieved from https://www.weizmann.ac.il/FORTE/system/files/psychological_empowerment_.pdf DOI: https://doi.org/10.2307/256865
Spreitzer, G. M., & Quinn, R. E. (1996). Empowering middle managers to be transformational leaders. The Journal of Applied Behavioral Science, 32(3),pp- 237-261. Retrieved from https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Gretchen-Spreitzer/publication/238067962_Empowering_Middle_Managers_to_be_Transformational_Leaders/links/54b8f8b40cf2c27adc490b5c/Empowering-Middle-Managers-to-be-Transformational-Leaders.pdf DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/0021886396323001
Stander, M. W., & Rothmann, S. (2010). Psychological empowerment, job insecurity and employee engagement. SA Journal of Industrial Psychology, 36(1), pp.-1-8. Retrieved from https://www.researchgate.net/publication/47740065_Psychological_empowerment_job_insecurity_and_employee_engagement DOI: https://doi.org/10.4102/sajip.v36i1.849
Thomas, K. W., & Velthouse, B. A. (1990). Cognitive elements of empowerment: An “interpretive” model of intrinsic task motivation. Academy of Management review, 15(4), pp.-666-681. Retrieved from https://core.ac.uk/download/pdf/36738094.pdf DOI: https://doi.org/10.5465/amr.1990.4310926
Udin, U. (2020). Transformational leadership and organizational commitment: a review of literature. Journal of research and Opinion, 7(2), pp.2623-2626.
Walumbwa, Fred & Lawler, John. (2003). Building effective organizations: Transformational leadership, collectivist orientation, work-related attitudes and withdrawal behaviours in three emerging economies. International Journal of Human Resource Management. 14(7).pp.- 1083-1101. 10.1080/0958519032000114219. Retrieved from https://www.researchgate.net/publication/233352454_Building_effective_organizations_Transformational_leadership_collectivist_orientation_work-related_attitudes_and_withdrawal_behaviours_in_three_emerging_economies DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/0958519032000114219
Watts, L. L., Steele, L. M., & Den Hartog, D. N. (2020). Uncertainty avoidance moderates the relationship between transformational leadership and innovation: A meta-analysis. Journal of International Business Studies, 51, 138–145. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1057/s41267-019-00242-8
Worthy, K., Dawson, R. M., & Tavakoli, A. S. (2020). Relationships among nursing deans' leadership styles and faculty job satisfaction levels. Journal of Nursing Education, 59(2), 68-75. https://doi.org/10.3928/01484834-20200122-03. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3928/01484834-20200122-03
Yammarino, Francis & Spangler, William & Bass, Bernard. (1993).Transformational leadership and performance: a longitudinal investigation. Leadership Quarterly, 4(1), pp.-81–102. 10.1016/1048-9843(93)90005-E. Retrieved from https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/104898439390005E DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/1048-9843(93)90005-E
Zhang, M., Chen, H., Wang, N., Li, Y., & Liu, Y. (2022). Does transformational leadership and psychological empowerment improve nurses’ innovative behaviour during COVID-19 outbreak? A cross-sectional study. Journal of Nursing Management, 30, 4116–4125. https://doi.org/10.1111/jonm.13877. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/jonm.13877
Zohar, D. and Tenne-Gazit, O. (2008), “Transformational leadership and group interaction as climate antecedents: a social network analysis”, Journal of Applied Psychology, 93(4), pp. 744-757. Retrieved from https://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/document?repid=rep1&type=pdf&doi=7edd568ed966c6cd14bd497e3a0901c0255a8789 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1037/0021-9010.93.4.744
Burns, J.M. (1978), Leadership, Harper and Row, New York, NY, pp. 67-79.
Nguyen, K. N., & Do, T. D. (2021). Factors influencing knowledge sharing in higher education: An empirical study of students in Vietnam. Journal Of Organizational Behavior Research, 6(2-2021), 134-151. DOI: https://doi.org/10.51847/LJZB9XoP0F
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2025 Mr. Deepak, Dr Hanisha Bhagat
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
